Electrical potential-regulator.



M; FUSS.

ELECTRICAL POTENTIAL REGULATOR.

APPLICATION FILED DEC.,3. I9I2 1,215,361. Patented Feb. 13, 1917.

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m FUSS, or 3mm, 621mm.

I: nmzcmcn. ro'rnn'ruL-nn eum'ron I To all wliom concern:

Be it known that I, Max Fuss, a subject of the German Emperor, andresident of Berlin, Germany, have invented certain new and usefulImprovements in and Relating to Electrical Potential-Re ulators, ofwhich the following is a speci cation.

The present invention relates to tension regulators for use inconnection with electric generators, and is an improvement over myvibratory voltage regulatordescribed in my British atent No. 7 ,220 of1911 and my German Patent No. 253,555. It has for itsobject to maintainthe constancy of the generator voltage under all loads and to generallyimprove the aforesaid structure."

In the accompanying drawings, like characters of reference indicate likeparts in the several views, and:-

Figure 1 is a general view, partially diagrammatic, showing the entiredeviceas used'in connection with a three-phase genera ator.

Figs. 2and 3 are detail views showing certain levers and adjacent partsin different positions, and V w Fig. 4 is a detailed sectional view.

The figures ofthe accompanying drawing, given by way of example, showthe regulator provided with .said improvements and in these'figures: 1designates a threephase generator, 2 is the field winding, 3 theexciting machine with its shunt winding 4 and the shunt resistance5.

The regulator comprises the exciting coil 6 with'iron corei 7 thetension coil 8 with iron core 9, the contact lever 10 with the movablecontact 11 secured thereto by a spring arm 11, and finally thestationary contact 12. It comprises besides a rolling lever 13 which ispressed against the bearing support 14 on the one hand by the spring 15,on the other hand by the tractional force of the iron core 7. The spring15 is provided with an adjusting screw 15. Positioned approximately inparallel relation to the contact lever 10 is the spring blade 16 whichis secured to the lever 17 .by means of screws 16" passing through ablock'16 having" a slit 16 to receive one end of said spring. This blockhas a fulcrum 16 interposed between its under side and the upper 'sideof the lever '17 so that the block can be tilted with respect to saidlever and the position of the spring end thereby varied, this lever 17resting on the adjustable bearmg Specification of team mm. Pat t d F b;13, 1917. Application filed December 3,1912. Serial Ra/784,788.

used to regulate the angular relation between the two ends of the spring16 and consequently to vary its tension. his can best be observed byreference to Fig. 3 wherein it will be noted that, if the lever 10remains in the position shown, movement of the roller 18 towardthejright will raise the right-hand end of the lever 17 and consequentlystraighten the spring 16.

The intermediate relay 20 comprises two intermediate relay 20. 25 is theresistance inserted in series with the tensionocoil 8 and 26 is acondenser insertedin parallel to 25 and. in series with 8.

The operation is as follows:

The tension of the generator is controlled by the tractional forceexerted by the tension coil 8 on the iron ,core 9 and thus moves thecontact lever 10 carrying the movable contact 11, so that-the latter isalternately brought in and out of contact with the fixed contact 12 bythe action of the fluctuating tension of the exciter on the exciter coil6 and the iron core 7. In this manner the winding of the. intermediaterelay 20 which is inserted in parallel relation to the contacts 11, 12is alternately short-circuited and placed in circuit, which in turnproduces the short-circuiting and placing into circuit of the shuntresistance 5 throughthe medium of the relay contacts 21, 22. When thetension rises too high, the iron core. 9 lifts the contact lever 10 andthe movable contact 11 from the fixed contact 12 whereby, owing to therelay contacts 21, 22 being open, the shunt resistance 5 is inserted incircuit in series with the shunt winding 4 of the exciting machine 3 andis thus maintained until the tension of the generator has approximatelyreached its normal value whereupon the movable contact 11 again comesinto periodical contact with the fixed contact 12. Inversely, when thetension of the generator becomes lower, the contacts 11, 12, owing tothe diminution of the tractional force of the tension coil 8, willremain in a closed condition until the tension of .the generator hasroller fulcrum 18 which can be shifted on A the rail 19. This adjustablebearing point is' gone up sufliciently toapproximately reach the normalvalue. As the periodical plac- 1n sh nt resistance takes place about tentimes every second, the adjusting of the tension is efiected even whenthe variations in the load at great, with such a rapidity that nomodification of the tension can be noticed.

Now, if the tension is to remain the same for all loads, the ratiobetween the time the resistance 5 is short-circuited and the time theresistance 5 is in circuit must vary as the load at every" given moment.As the trac tional force exerted by coil 6 on the iron core 7 increaseswith the square of the voltage while the antagonistic force of a spring,if f directly applied in opposition to such force, increases directlywith its elongation, the amplitude of the oscillation of the contactlever 10, produced by the fluctuating ex iter voltage, would become thelarger, the higher the exciter voltage increases with the load; and assaid ratio must vary with the load, there would, with such anarrangement, be a drop of the voltage of the gen erator with an increaseof load. To remedy this defect, the following contrivance has beendevised: The iron core 7 of the exciter coil 6 instead of actingdirectly upon the t'ractional. spring 15, acts thereupon through themedium of a rolling lever 13, the position shown in the drawingcorresponding to an average load. The arms of the roller lever 13 whichact respectively on the spring 15 and on the iron core 7 are nowapproximately of equal length. However, if the exciter tension, owing toa greater load, rises, the lever 13 rolls on the support 14 so that theiron core 7 acts upon a shorter and the spring 15 on a longer lever armwhereby a smaller amplitude of oscillation and consequently a longerduration of closing of the contacts 11, 12 and 21, 22 are produced. Inversely, when the load becomes smaller, as well as the tension of theexciting machine, the tractional force of the iron core 7 will becomesmaller and then the spring 15 will act upon the shorter arm of theroller lever 13 whereby the amplitude of oscillation and with it thetime of opening will be increased with reference to the time of closing.By releasing the tension of spring 15 by means of the adjustable screw15 the roller lever 13 can be adjusted in such a manner that the ratioof the lever arms alters more with the increase of the load than theratio of the magnetic tractional force to tension of spring. In thiscase the regulator will adjust to an increase of the tension by risingproportionally to the load; that is to say it will over-compound. Thiscan betaken advantage of for compensating the drop of potential of longlines. This over-compounding of the regulator, to any desired extentcorresponding to the nature of the plant,

in circuit and short-circuiting of the temper can be controlled oradjusted duringEth'e working of the plant without-any oscillation of thetensiombeing produced.

The parts 16 to 19 serve to adjust the tensionand can also be employedfor increasing 7.

the tension with increase of load. lAs readily seen from the drawing theiron core 9 of the tension coil 8 is suspended by a link 10 from thespring blade 16 which is secured to the lever 17 as described. Thislever 17 rests upon the adjustable support or fulcruni 18 which can hemoved along the toothed rack 19. The adjusting of the tension of thegenerator is efiected by the tractional force of the tension coil 8 towhich the tractional force of the spring blade 16 haste he added. Iftherefore the contact reduced and in order to restore the equilibriumagain, the tractional force of 8 must become greater in a correspondingmanner 2". e. the tension mustrise. inversely, when the screw isadjusted downwardly, the clastic tension of 16 itself is increased and asmaller tractional force of the coil 8 and consequently a smallertension are necessary for maintaining the equilibrium between the weightof the irdn core 9 on one hand and the tractional forces of the'coil 8and the spring blade on the other hand." When the fulcrum or support 18as shown by the detail figures, drawn at the bottom otthe large figure,is shifted toward the left, the lever 17, when the plant is runningwithout a load, is pulled upward and the tensiorrof the spring blade 16is increasedwhen the iron core 7 of the exciter coil'6fis pulled down bythe spring 15, As a consequence, the tractional force is reduced as isalso the tension of the tension coil 8 while inversely when the load isincreased, the tension of the spring blade 16, as the iron core 7 movesupward owing to the greater tension of the generator, is reduced, sothat the tractional force of the tension coil 8 has to increase in orderto "reestablish the equilibrium which also corresponds to an increase ofthe tension of the generator. Thus, this device also permits by simplyshifting of the fulcrum or support 18: an increase of tension whichincreases in proportion to the increase of the load. The intermediaterelayYVZO constructed in such a manner that the movements of thearmature take place as much as possiblewithout any friction and so thatefi'ects of inertia are minimized. To this end the armatures of themagnets are mounted a spring. to this arrangement any is avoided.

Finally we have tolme'n'tion the condenser 26 which is mounted inparallel with the resistance-25 and the tension coil 8.

It is impossible, especially in hydraulic turbines, to avoid alterationof the number of revolutions between the running without any load andthe running under full load. But the alteration of the number of lost.motion (5f the. armatures of the magnets periods produces, in spite of agreat resistance being inserted in series, an alteration of thetractional force exerted on the iron core, as the self induction of'thetension coil is increased when the number of periods is increased. Inorder to avoid this drawback, the condenser 26 has been provided whichreceives an amount of current which is the higher the higher the numberof periods. By giving the condenser suitable dimensions in proportion tothe tension coil, the latterreceives an amount of current which is thelarger, the higher the number of periods rises so that the tractionalforce exerted on the iron core and consequently also the adjustment ofthe tension of the generator remain practically the same for all thenumbers 0 periods.

Having now fully described my said invention, what I claim and desire tosecure by Letters Patent, is:

1. In combination, an electrical generator, an exciter therefor having afield winding including a separate resistance, a stationary contact anda movable member having a contact cooperating therewith, electromagneticmeans controlled by said contacts and adapted to short circuit saidresistance, a solenoid having acore connected to one end of said memberand responsive to the electrical condition of said exciter, a secondsolenoid having a core connected to the other end of said member andresponsive to the generator tension, and a curved lever having a bearingsurface on which it is adapted to roll, one end being connected to oneof said cores and a spring attached to the opposite end acting to opposethe pull of the solenoid on said core.

2. In combination, an electrical generator, an exciter therefor having afield winding including a separate resistance, a stationary contact anda movable member having a contact cooperating therewith, a short circuitaround said resistance having contacts under control of said movablemember, a solenoid having a core connected to one end of said member andresponsive to the elec- 'trical condition of said exciter, a secondsolenoid having a core connected to the other end of said member andresponsive to the generator tension, and a curved lever having a bearingsurface on which it is adapted to roll, one end being connected to oneof said cores and a spring attached to the op- -solenoid on said cgre.

'an exciter therefor having a fiel posite end acting to opposethe-.pullof-the 3.- In combination, an electrical erator, an excitertherefor having a fiel winding including a separate resistance, astationary contact and a movable member having a contact cooperatingtherewith, means con,- trolled by said contacts and adapted toashortcircuit said resistance, a solenoid having a core connected to one endof said member and responsive to the electrical condition of saidexciter, a second solenoid having a core connected to the other end ofsaid member and responsive to the generator tension, and a yieldi bladehaving connections with said mem r. J

4. In combination, an electrical (generator,

winding including a separate resistance, a stationary contact and amovable member having a contact cooperating therewith, means con trolledby said contacts and adapted to short circuit said resistance,a'solenoid hav-. ing a core connected to one end of said member andresponsive to the electrical condition of said exciter,.a secondsolenoid having a core connected to the other end of said member andresponsive to the generatortension, and a yielding blade havingconnections with said member and provided with an adjustable support. 7

5. In combination, an electrical generator an exciter therefor having afield. winding I including a separate resistance, a, stationary contactand a movable member having a contact cooperating therewith, meanscontrolled'by said contacts and'adapted to short circuit saidresistance, a solenoid havinga core connected to one end of said memherand responsive to the electrical condi- 5 tion of said exciter, a secondsolenoid having a core connected to the other end of said member andresponsive to the generator tension, a yielding blade havingconnectionswith said member and provided with an 113 adjustable support, and aspringsresisted roller member connected to one of said cores to opposethe pull of its solenoid.

6. In combination, an electrical generator, an exciter therefor having afield winding 5 including a separate: resistance, a stationary contactand a yieldingly supported movable member having a contact cooperatingtherewith, a short circuit around said resistance having contacts underthe control of said 12; movable member, edectro-magnetic meansresponsive to fluctuations of current in said exciter for vibrating oneend of said memher, and a solenoid in series relation with animpedanceand capacity in parallel and adapted to be energized by thegenerator tension for controlling the. movements of the opposite end ofsaid member.

7. An electrical regulator comprising cooperating contacts, a movablemember -actuating one of said contacts, means comprising a winding .for'actuating said member, means providing'a fulcrum for said member,another winding for actuating said fulcrum providing-means, a tensionelement, and a lever having a rolling bearing surface for varying theaction of said tension element m opposition to the tractional force of,ing a winding one of said windings.

8., An electrical'regulator comprising 00- operating contacts, a movablemember ac-v tuating one-of said contacts, means compristor actuatingsaid member, means providing a fulcrum for said member, another windingfor actuating said fulcrum-providing-means, a tension element, a

leverhaving a rolling bearing surface for varying the action of saidtension element Hing forinfluencing the tension of the element.

10. An electrical regulator comprising a stationary contact, a movablecontact, a movable member actuating said movable contact,

meanscomprising a winding for actuating said member, means providing afulcrum for said member, another winding for aci tion with one of saidwindings, a' lever sub-' I 11'. An electrical regulator comprising atuating. said fulcrum-providing-means, a tension element adapted to actin coiiperaject to theaction of the companion winding for influencingthe tension of said element,

and an adjustable fulcrum-for said lever.

stationary contact, a-movable contact, a movable member actuatingsaid-movable contact, 1' means comprising a winding for actuating saidmember, means providing a fulcrum for said member, and another windingfor ac tuating said fu'Ic'rum-proViding-means, one

of said: windings being in series relation with amino 'edance andcapacity in parallel tor influencing the movements of one end of saidmember. I

12. An electrical regulator comprising a stationary contact, a movablecontact, a movable member actuating said movable contact, a pair ofsolenoids having cores connected to opposite ends of said member, aresilient blade having connection with one end of said member, and alever supporting the opposite end of said blade and having jointedconnection with the opposite end of said member.

13. An electrical regulator comprising a stationary contact, a movablecontact, a movable member actuating said movable contact, Y I

a pair of solenoids having cores connected to blade having connectionwith one end of said member, and a lever having an adjust able iulcrumand supporting the opposite end of said blade and'having jointedconnection with the o posite end of said member.

14:. An electrical regulator comprising c0- operating contacts, amovable member actuating one of said contacts, means comprising awinding for actuating said member, means providing a fulcrum for saidmember, an-.

opposite ends of. said member, aresilient other windingforactuating saidfulcrum providing means, a tension element control ling the action ofone of said windings, and a variable-leverage-device for varying thecontrolling action of said tension element on said winding as one ofsaidwindings varies in strength. i

Intestimony my hand in presence of two witnesses;

MAX FUSS. Witnesses: I

HENRY HAsPnn,

WALDEMAR Ham.

whereof I have hereunto set

